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Xylose Lysine Deoxycholate (XLD) agar is a selective and differential medium used for isolating and differentiating enteric pathogens, especially Salmonella and Shigella species, from clinical and environmental samples. It contains xylose, lactose, and sucrose for carbohydrate fermentation, lysine for detecting decarboxylation, and sodium deoxycholate to inhibit non-pathogenic gram-negative organisms. Colonies of Salmonella typically appear red with black centers due to hydrogen sulfide production, while Shigella colonies appear red without black centers. This medium aids in the accurate identification of these pathogens.
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