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Pigmentation refers to the coloring of the skin. It's determined by melanin, a pigment produced by cells called melanocytes. Factors like sun exposure, aging, hormonal changes, and skin injuries can lead to hyperpigmentation (dark spots) or hypopigmentation (light spots).
Types of Pigmentation Issues
Melasma: Brown or gray-brown patches, often due to hormonal changes.
Sunspots: Also known as solar lentigines or age spots, caused by prolonged sun exposure.
Post-inflammatory Hyperpigmentation (PIH): Darkened areas following skin inflammation or injury.
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