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Ammonium chloride is a white, crystalline inorganic compound with the chemical formula NH4Cl. It is widely used in various industrial, agricultural, and pharmaceutical applications.
Physical and Chemical Properties
Molecular Formula: NH4Cl
Molecular Weight: 53.49 g/mol
Appearance: White crystalline powder or granules
Odor: Odorless or slightly saline
Solubility: Highly soluble in water
At 100°C: ~77 g/100 mL
Melting Point: Sublimates at 338°C without melting
pH: Slightly acidic in aqueous solution (pH ~4.5–6)
Applications
Agriculture:
Used as a nitrogen source in fertilizers, particularly for rice and wheat crops.
Improves soil acidity in alkaline soils.
Pharmaceuticals:
Used in expectorants to loosen phlegm in cough medicines.
Acts as a urinary acidifier to treat metabolic alkalosis.
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